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“Passionflower (Passiflora incarnata) was used in South America by the Incas and later in Europe as a “calming” herb for anxiety, insomnia, seizures, and hysteria. Passionflower was once the main ingredient in many over the counter sleep aids until it was banned by the FDA due to an inadequate number of studies showing its effectiveness.
It is still used today to treat anxiety and insomnia. It is recommended in Germany as a sleep aid and for anxiety. Passionflower may be used for anxiety associated with menopause, quitting smoking or alcohol addiction. Although scientists aren’t sure, it is believed that passionflower works by increasing levels of a chemical called gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) in the brain. GABA lowers the activity of some brain cells, resulting in relaxation.
Passionflower tends to have less potent effects than valerian (Valeriana officinalis) or kava (Piper methysticum), other calming herbs, and is often combined with valerian, lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), or other herbs that treat anxiety. No scientific studies have successfully evaluated passionflower for anxiety or insomnia.
Plant Description:
Native to southeastern parts of the Western Hemisphere, passionflower is now grown throughout Europe. It is a perennial climbing vine with herbaceous shoots and a sturdy woody stem that grows to a length of nearly 10 meters (about 32 feet). Each flower has 5 white petals and 5 sepals that vary in color from magenta to blue. According to folklore, passionflower was given its name because its corona resembles the crown of thorns worn by Jesus during the crucifixion. The passionflower’s ripe fruit is an egg-shaped berry that may be yellow or purple. Some kinds of passionfruit are edible.
Although Passion flowers are considered hardy in USDA zones 5-9, they should be planted in a protected location and mulched heavily if severe cold threatens. The top growth is killed back by frost, but will grow back in spring if protected. Passion flowers are easy to grow. They need partial to full sun, and will adapt themselves to most well-drained soils. During the growing season, the soil should be kept evenly moist, to ensure good flowering and growth. Apply a balanced (10-5-20) fertilizer in the early spring, and then again six to eight weeks later. Passiflora incarnata may be propagated by softwood cuttings of fully mature wood in early summer. Cuttings will take 3 months or longer to root. It is not recommended growing passionflower from cuttings due to long germination time. Passion flowers may be grown in containers or in the garden in a well lit area but not full sun.
Parts Used:
The above-ground parts (flowers, leaves, and stems) of the passionflower are used for medicinal purposes.
Available Forms:
Available forms include the following:
· Infusions
· Teas
· Liquid extracts
· Tinctures
How to Take It:
Adult
The following are recommended adult doses for passionflower:
Tea: Steep 0.5 - 2 g (about 1tsp.) of dried herb in 1 cup boiling water for 10 minutes; strain and cool. For anxiety, drink 3 to 4 cups per day. For insomnia, drink one cup an hour before going to bed.
Fluid extract (1:1 in 25% alcohol): 10 - 30 drops, three times a day
Tincture (1:5 in 45% alcohol): 10 - 60 drops, three times a day
Precautions:
You should always consult with a doctor before taking passionflower as herbs do have side affects! Depression of the nervous system may result in fatigue and mental fogginess if you take too much passionflower for too long. Start with a low dose several times a day.
Do not take passionflower if you are pregnant or breastfeeding.
For others, passionflower is generally considered to be safe and nontoxic in recommended doses.
Possible Interactions:
Passionflower may interact with the following medications:
Sedatives (drugs that cause sleepiness) — Because of its calming effect, passionflower may increase the effects of sedative medications. These can include:
· Anticonvulsants such as phenytoin (Dilantin)
· Barbiturates
· Benzodiazepines such as alprazolam (Xanax) and diazepam (Valium)
· Drugs for insomnia, such as zolpidem (Ambien), zaleplon (Sonata), eszopiclone (Lunesta), ramelteon (Rozerem)
· Tricyclic antidepressants, such as amitriptyline (Elavil), amoxapine, doxepin (Sinequan), and nortriptyline (Pamelor)
Antiplatelets and anticoagulants (blood thinners) — Passionflower may increase the amount of time blood needs to clot, so it could make the effects of blood-thinning medications stronger and increase your risk of bleeding. Blood-thinning drugs include:
· Clopidogrel (Plavix)
· Warfarin (Coumadin)
Monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAO inhibitors or MAOIs) — MAO inhibitors are an older class of antidepressants that are not often prescribed now. Theoretically, passionflower might increase the effects of MAO inhibitors, as well as their side effects, which can be dangerous. These drugs include: Isocarboxazid (Marplan, Phenelzine (Nardil)
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http://www.umm.edu/altmed/articles/passionflower-000267.htm
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